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A reverse hierarchy (or inverted pyramid) is a conceptual organizational structure that attempts to "invert" or otherwise "reverse" the classical pyramid of hierarchical organizations. In the proposed structure, key decisions are made by the employees in direct contact with customers, while progressively senior management positions provide ...
Expansion diffusion: an innovation or idea that develops in a source area and remains strong there, while also spreading outward to other areas. This can include hierarchical, stimulus, and contagious diffusion. Relocation diffusion: an idea or innovation that migrates into new areas, leaving behind its origin or source of the cultural trait.
"Diffusionism", in its original use in the 19th and early 20th centuries, did not preclude migration or invasion.It was rather the term for assumption of any spread of cultural innovation, including by migration or invasion, as opposed "evolutionism", assuming the independent appearance of cultural innovation in a process of parallel evolution, termed "cultural evolutionism".
Diffusion, in the context of corporations and businesses, is a way for an idea to be fleshed out. The diffusion of innovations provides insights into the process of social change: one can observe the qualities that make an innovation successfully spread and the importance of communication and networks. [6]
The first type of rank reversal in the above context was observed by Belton and Gear in 1983 as part of a study [2] of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). [3] They first considered a simple decision problem comprised by 3 alternatives and 2 criteria. Next a copy of a non-optimal alternative was introduced.
According to proponents of hyperdiffusion, examples of hyperdiffusion can be found in religious practices, cultural technologies, megalithic monuments, and lost ancient civilizations. The idea of hyperdiffusionism differs from trans-cultural diffusion in several ways.
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Diffusion process is stochastic in nature and hence is used to model many real-life stochastic systems. Brownian motion , reflected Brownian motion and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes are examples of diffusion processes.