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Which conditions are risk factors for MACE depends on some characteristics of the investigated cohort. Established risk indicators in the general population include age, pre-existing cardiovascular disease, smoking, diabetes mellitus, elevated concentrations of triglycerides and non-HDL cholesterol concentration, reduced HDL concentration and hypertension, as, e. g., demonstrated by the ...
Prevention of type 2 diabetes can be achieved with both lifestyle changes and use of medication. [1] The American Diabetes Association categorizes people with prediabetes, who have glycemic levels higher than normal but do not meet criteria for diabetes, as a high-risk group. Without intervention, people with prediabetes progress to type 2 ...
This increases the risk of, or aggravate, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Therefore, antihyperlipidemic drugs are introduced for primary and secondary coronary heart disease prevention, as well as for reduction in mortality from acute coronary outcomes. [18] These drugs include statins, ezetimibe and fibrates.
Secondary prevention therapy, which includes high-intensity statins and aspirin, is recommended by multi-society guidelines for all patients with a history of ASCVD (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) to prevent the recurrence of coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels. [3] CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases (e.g. angina, heart attack), heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease ...
Lung restriction in diabetes could result from chronic low-grade tissue inflammation, microangiopathy, and/or accumulation of advanced glycation end products. [46] In fact the presence restrictive lung defect in association with diabetes has been shown even in presence of obstructive lung diseases like asthma and COPD in diabetic patients. [47]
QRISK3 (the most recent version of QRISK) is a prediction algorithm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that uses traditional risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, smoking status and ratio of total serum cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) together with body mass index, ethnicity, measures of deprivation, family history, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atrial ...
Preventive healthcare strategies are described as taking place at the primal, [2] primary, [13] secondary, and tertiary prevention levels. Although advocated as preventive medicine in the early twentieth century by Sara Josephine Baker, [14] in the 1940s, Hugh R. Leavell and E. Gurney Clark coined the term primary prevention.
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