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and | are bitwise operators that occur in many programming languages. The major difference is that bitwise operations operate on the individual bits of a binary numeral, whereas conditional operators operate on logical operations. Additionally, expressions before and after a bitwise operator are always evaluated.
To determine if a number is a power of two, conceptually we may repeatedly do integer divide by two until the number won't divide by 2 evenly; if the only factor left is 1, the original number was a power of 2. Using bit and logical operators, there is a simple expression which will return true (1) or false (0):
It originally comes from CPL, in which equivalent syntax for e 1 ? e 2 : e 3 was e 1 → e 2, e 3. [1] [2] Although many ternary operators are possible, the conditional operator is so common, and other ternary operators so rare, that the conditional operator is commonly referred to as the ternary operator.
Disjunction is often used for bitwise operations. Examples: 0 or 0 = 0; 0 or 1 = 1; 1 or 0 = 1; 1 or 1 = 1; 1010 or 1100 = 1110; The or operator can be used to set bits in a bit field to 1, by or-ing the field with a constant field with the relevant bits set to 1. For example, x = x | 0b00000001 will force the final bit to 1, while leaving ...
In information theory, one bit is the information entropy of a random binary variable that is 0 or 1 with equal probability, [3] or the information that is gained when the value of such a variable becomes known. [4] [5] As a unit of information or negentropy, the bit is also known as a shannon, [6] named after Claude E. Shannon.
Logical conjunction is often used for bitwise operations, where 0 corresponds to false and 1 to true: 0 AND 0 = 0, 0 AND 1 = 0, 1 AND 0 = 0, 1 AND 1 = 1. The operation can also be applied to two binary words viewed as bitstrings of equal length, by taking the bitwise AND of each pair of bits at corresponding positions. For example:
These include numerical equality (e.g., 5 = 5) and inequalities (e.g., 4 ≥ 3). In programming languages that include a distinct boolean data type in their type system, like Pascal, Ada, Python or Java, these operators usually evaluate to true or false, depending on if the conditional relationship between the two operands holds or not.
f = (if p 1 then e 1 else e 2) where the e i are expressions and p 1 is a statement (or equation) that may be true or false. ¶ This expression means See if p 1 is true; if so the value of f is given by e 1. IF p1 is false, the value of f is given by e 2. This conditional expression . . . has also the power of the minimization operator. . ..