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A crozier on the coat of arms of Basel, Switzerland which was ruled by Prince-Bishops during the Middle Ages. A crozier or crosier (also known as a paterissa, pastoral staff, or bishop's staff) [1] is a stylized staff that is a symbol of the governing office of a bishop or abbot and is carried by high-ranking prelates of Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox ...
Insular croziers were probably made in workshops specialising in metal inlay techniques. The art historian Griffin Murray speculates that the master craftsman behind the Clonmacnoise Crozier may also be responsible for two other extant examples. [20] The croziers vary in size, material, and amount and quality of decoration. [5]
Mature croziers are detectable through microscopic examination of mature asci as small, curved bridges at the basal septa. A significant minority of Ascomycota lack croziers, hence the presence or absence of croziers is an important taxonomic character. [citation needed]
Croziers became symbols of status for bishops and abbots when Pope Celestine I linked them to the episcopal office in a 431 letter to bishops in Gaul. By tradition, the first Irish example (lost since 1538) [5] was the "Bachal Isu" (Staff of Jesus) given by God to Saint Patrick.
The Kells Crozier was made by various craftsmen over three different phases between the late 9th and 11th century AD. [2] While the core of the crozier is wooden, the crook is made of silver and the staff is covered in a copper alloy sheet which was later covered with silver mounts or knobs filled with animal interlace typical of the period. [3]
The Lismore, Clonmacnoise and River Laune croziers on display. The Lismore Crozier is an Irish Insular-type crozier dated to between 1100 and 1113 AD. It consists of a wooden tubular staff lined with copper-alloy plates; embellished with silver, gold, niello and glass; and capped by a crook with a decorative openwork crest. [1]
The Prosperous Crozier is a late 9th-century or early 10th-century Irish Insular type crozier that would have been used as a ceremonial staff for bishops and high-status abbots. [1]
Francis Crozier was born in Banbridge, County Down, in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland.He was the eleventh of thirteen children, and the fifth son of solicitor George Crozier, who named him after his friend Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Earl of Moira.