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Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a mathematical modeling technique for predicting the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of synthetic or natural chemical substances in humans and other animal species.
Explore the concept of PK/PD models, which integrate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to optimize drug dosing and efficacy.
Pharmacokinetics is based on mathematical modeling that places great emphasis on the relationship between drug plasma concentration and the time elapsed since the drug's administration. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects the drug, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of
Pharmacometrics is a field of study of the methodology and application of models for disease and pharmacological measurement.It uses mathematical models of biology, pharmacology, disease, and physiology to describe and quantify interactions between xenobiotics and patients (human and non-human), including beneficial effects and adverse effects. [1]
Pharmacokinetics simulation gives an insight to drug efficacy and safety before exposure of individuals to the new drug that might help to improve the design of a clinical trial. Pharmacokinetics simulations help in addition in therapy planning, to stay within the therapeutic range under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions ...
Biosimulation is becoming increasingly important for drug development. [1] Since on average only 11% of all drug candidates are approved, [2] it is anticipated that biosimulation may be the tool to predict whether a candidate drug will fail in the development process e.g. in clinical trials due to adverse side effects, bad pharmacokinetics or even toxicity.
IVIVE in pharmacology can be used to assess pharmacokinetics (PK) or pharmacodynamics (PD).. [citation needed]Since biological perturbation depends on concentration of the toxicant as well as exposure duration of a candidate drug (parent molecule or metabolites) at that target site, in vivo tissue and organ effects can either be completely different or similar to those observed in vitro.
A specialized form of pharmacokinetics modeling, physiology-based pharmacokinetic modeling can in some cases also be seen as a nonlinear mixed-effects implementation, see also the software section of that lemma. Optimal design software such as PopED can be used in conjunction with estimation. [7]