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Hyperthyroidism is rare in dogs. The most common cause is thyroid carcinoma, a malignant tumor. Signs include weight loss, increased appetite, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. [100] Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disease in dogs.
Hyperthyroidism is much less common in dogs compared to cats. [67] Hyperthyroidism may be caused by a thyroid tumor. This may be a thyroid carcinoma. About 90% of carcinomas are very aggressive; they invade the surrounding tissues and metastasize (spread) to other tissues, particularly the lungs. This has a poor prognosis.
Hypothyroidism is classified as either primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary hypothyroidism is for when the cause is due to an abnormality of the thyroid gland, secondary hypothyroidism is when the cause is decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and tertiary hypothyroidism is when the cause is an inadequate amount of thyrotropin-releasing hormone being released.
Hypothyroidism is more common in women than in men. [3] People over the age of 60 are more commonly affected. [3] Dogs are also known to develop hypothyroidism, as are cats and horses, albeit more rarely. [13] The word hypothyroidism is from Greek hypo-'reduced', thyreos 'shield', and eidos 'form', where the two latter parts refer to the ...
8-25% mortality with treatment; 80-100% mortality if untreated Thyroid storm is a rare but severe and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism . It occurs when an overactive thyroid leads to hypermetabolism , which can cause death from cardiac arrest or multiple organ failure .
The most common type of hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, may additionally cause eye problems (Graves' ophthalmopathy) and skin changes of the legs (pretibial myxedema). [6] Thyroid disease may also cause muscle weakness in the form of thyrotoxic myopathy, but this is constant rather than episodic. [5]
Some studies lay the cause for hyperthyroid tremor with a heightened beta-adrenergic state, others suggest an increased metabolism of dopamine. [8] [9] Weakness or muscle weakness (especially in the large muscles of the arms and legs). This latter occurs in 60 to 80 percent of patients with untreated hyperthyroidism. [10]
Also known as hyperthyroid myopathy, TM is one of many myopathies that lead to muscle weakness and muscle tissue breakdown. Evidence indicates the onset may be caused by hyperthyroidism . [ 1 ] Physical symptoms of TM may include muscle weakness , the breakdown of muscle tissue, fatigue , and heat intolerance . [ 2 ]
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