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This decrease in blood flow in the cerebral vascular system can result in a buildup of metabolic wastes generated by neurons and glial cells and a decrease in oxygen and glucose delivery to them. As a result, cellular energy failure, depolarization of neuronal and glial membranes, edema , and excess neurotransmitter and calcium ion release can ...
Thus, to Barcroft homeostasis was not only organized by the brain—homeostasis served the brain. [12] Homeostasis is an almost exclusively biological term, referring to the concepts described by Bernard and Cannon, concerning the constancy of the internal environment in which the cells of the body live and survive.
They influence and regulate mood, [11] body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, [12] and blood pressure. [13] The neurons of the neuroendocrine system are large; they are mini factories for producing secretory products; their nerve terminals are large and organised in coherent terminal fields; their output can often be measured easily in the ...
Cerebral hyperaemia is a fundamental central nervous system mechanism of homeostasis that increases blood supply to neural tissue when necessary. [3] This mechanism controls oxygen and nutrient levels using vasodilation and vasoconstriction in a multidimensional process involving the many cells of the neurovascular unit, along with multiple ...
The vasomotor center is a collection of integrating neurons in the medulla oblongata of the middle brain stem.The term "vasomotor center" is not truly accurate, since this function relies not on a single brain structure ("center") but rather represents a network of interacting neurons.
As for their particular function, peripheral chemoreceptors help maintain homeostasis in the cardiorespiratory system by monitoring concentrations of blood borne chemicals. [4] These polymodal sensors respond to variations in a number of blood properties, including low oxygen ( hypoxia ), high carbon dioxide ( hypercapnia ), and low glucose ...
These neurons are inhibited by leptin, insulin, and peptide YY and activated by ghrelin. Centrally projecting neurons that contain peptide products of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). These neurons have widespread projections to many brain areas, including to all nuclei in the hypothalamus.
The neurons that give rise to nerves do not lie entirely within the ... maintain homeostasis, ... the brain and spinal cord are isolated by the blood ...