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According to these estimates, the majority of people will eventually develop the disorder if they remain on the drugs long enough. [52] Elderly people are more prone to develop tardive dyskinesia, and elderly women are more at-risk than elderly men. The risk is much lower for younger men and women, and also more equal across the sexes. [53]
The shouting can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as oculogyric crises or other involuntary movements. [2] The presentation of klazomania has been compared to temporal lobe epilepsy, although the two can be distinguished by the duration of the attack and the fact that the patient experiencing klazomania appears to retain consciousness. [2]
A simple phonic tic can be almost any sound or noise, with common phonic tics being throat clearing, sniffing, or grunting. [10] Complex motor tics are typically more purposeful-appearing and of a longer nature. They may involve a cluster of movements and appear coordinated. [10]
Since it is difficult to measure extrapyramidal symptoms, rating scales are commonly used to assess the severity of movement disorders. The Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) are rating scales frequently used for such assessment and are not weighted for diagnostic purposes ...
Coprolalia (/ ˌ k ɒ p r ə ˈ l eɪ l i ə / KOP-rə-LAY-lee-ə) is involuntary swearing or the involuntary utterance of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks. The word comes from the Greek κόπρος ( kópros ), meaning "dung, feces ", and λαλιά ( laliā́ ) "speech", from λαλεῖν ( laleîn ) "to talk".
Hypoacusis is defined as impairment in hearing or deafness. It was the most common of the five etiologies in the case studies reviewed by Evers and Ellgers. [3] According to Sanchez et al. 2011, there have been suggestions that pontine lesions could alter the central auditory system's function, causing hypoacusis and musical hallucinations. [8] [9]
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Catathrenia or nocturnal groaning is a sleep-related breathing disorder, consisting of end-inspiratory apnea (breath holding) and expiratory groaning during sleep.It describes a rare condition characterized by monotonous, irregular groans while sleeping. [1]