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French law has a dual jurisdictional system comprising private law (droit privé), also known as judicial law, and public law (droit public). [1] [2] Schema of jurisdictional dualism in the French legal system. Judicial law includes, in particular: Civil law (droit civil) Criminal law (droit pénal) Public law includes, in particular:
'public action') is one carried out in the name of society against a person accused of a criminal offense by applying the French penal code. [1] It is taken in the name of society, in that its goal is to stop disruption of public order, and not to abate personal damages done to a specific person, which is governed by French civil law.
The separation of public law (administrative) [2] and private law (judiciary) goes back to Roman law. A separate branch for public law existed during the Ancien régime . Many other countries have such a system (including in common-law countries ) not only in having a separate judicial order for administrative courts (which exist also in ...
In some cases, this may require the intervention of a law (see, for example, the law on the inalienability of the royal estate or the Maori heads affair, laws relating to the privatisation of EDF or France-Télécom-Orange), the intervention of a public enquiry (e.g. in relation to public roads [23]) or the agreement of another authority or of ...
In the 12th century and after, there was renewed interest in Roman law throughout France. In the north, local customary laws began to be consolidated and written, under a decree by Charles VII in 1454 (Ordinance of Montils-les-Tours ), [9] [10] and became an important source of written law which influenced the Napoleonic code. [10]
In French law, the ministère public or le parquet is the authority charged with defending the interests of society and of the application of law. It is primarily made up of magistrates, but is sometimes represented by other persons such as police officials.
Constitutional law of France (1 C, 7 P) E. Environmental law in France (1 P) Pages in category "French public law" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of ...
The building of the Court of Cassation. The prosecution, or parquet général, is headed by the Chief Prosecutor (procureur général). [c] The Chief Prosecutor is a judicial officer, but does not prosecute cases; instead, his function is to advise the Court on how to proceed, analogous to the Commissioner-in-Council's [d] role within the Conseil d'État (lit.