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Beta thalassemia is most prevalent in the "thalassemia belt" which includes areas in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean extending into the Middle East and Southeast Asia. [8] This geographical distribution is thought to be due to beta-thalassemia carrier state (beta thalassemia minor) conferring a resistance to malaria. [8]
Alpha thalassemia is caused by deficient production of the alpha globin component of hemoglobin, while beta thalassemia is a deficiency in the beta globin component. [7] The severity of alpha and beta thalassemia depends on how many of the four genes for alpha globin or two genes for beta globin are faulty. [2]
Beta thalassemia minor results in a mild microcytic anemia that is often asymptomatic or may cause fatigue and or pale skin. Beta thalassemia major occurs when a person inherits two abnormal alleles. This can be either two β+ alleles, two β0 alleles, or one of each. Beta thalassemia major is a severe medical condition.
Hemoglobin E/ beta thalassemia: common in Cambodia, Thailand, and parts of India, it is clinically similar to β thalassemia major or β thalassemia intermedia. [34] Hemoglobin S/ beta thalassemia: common in African and Mediterranean populations, it is clinically similar to sickle-cell anemia. [35] Delta-beta thalassemia is a rare form of ...
In beta-thalassemia major, hemoglobin A is decreased (or in some cases absent) and hemoglobin F is markedly elevated; A2 levels are variable. [ 3 ] : 461–2 In hemoglobin H disease , a form of alpha-thalassemia , an abnormal band of hemoglobin H can be detected, and sometimes a band of Hemoglobin Barts ; but in the milder alpha-thalassemia ...
Anisopoikilocytosis is a medical condition illustrated by a variance in size (anisocytosis) and shape (poikilocytosis) of a red blood cell.The underlying cause can be attributed to various anemias, most often; beta thalassemia major, a form of microcytic anemia. [1]
Hb S beta thalassemia is the least common and is experienced in patients who have inherited beta thalassemia hemoglobin from one parent and HbS from the other. [17] In addition, there is sickle cell trait (HbAS) which is defined by having HbA and HbS. This makes the individual heterozygous for sickle cell.
Normal levels range from 2.1-3.2%, but in the beta-thalassemia disorder, the levels increase to 3.5-6.0%. Additionally, individuals with beta-thalassemia exhibit a high red cell count and low hemoglobin levels. [3] Individuals that express lower levels of hemoglobin A2, have the a 0-thalassemia trait or homozygous gene for a +-thalassemia. [2]