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Convection causes it to rise, causing a valley breeze. At night, the process is reversed. During the night the slopes get cooled and the dense air descends into the valley as the mountain wind. [4] These breezes occur mostly during calm and clear weather. Mountain and valley breezes are other examples of local winds caused by an area's geography.
Examples of katabatic winds include the downslope valley and mountain breezes, the piteraq winds of Greenland, the moderate Bora in the Adriatic, [2] the Bohemian Wind or Böhmwind in the Ore Mountains, the Santa Ana in southern California, the oroshi in Japan, or "the Barber" in New Zealand [3].
In areas where winds tend to be light, the sea breeze-land breeze cycle (powered by differential solar heating and night cooling of sea and land) is the most important cause of the prevailing wind. In areas which have variable terrain, mountain and valley breezes dominate the wind pattern.
In coastal areas the sea breeze/land breeze cycle can define local winds; in areas that have variable terrain, mountain and valley breezes can prevail. Winds are commonly classified by their spatial scale , their speed and direction, the forces that cause them, the regions in which they occur, and their effect.
An anabatic wind, from the Greek anabatos, verbal of anabainein meaning "moving upward", is a warm wind which blows up a steep slope or mountain side, driven by heating of the slope through insolation. [1] [2] It is also known as upslope flow. These winds typically occur during the daytime in calm sunny weather.
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Kaimai Breeze (turbulent wind with strong downdrafts in the Kaimai Range of North Island, New Zealand) [17] Nor'wester (wind that brings rain to the West Coast, and warm dry winds to the East Coast of New Zealand 's South Island , caused by the moist prevailing winds being uplifted over the Southern Alps , often accompanied by a distinctive ...
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