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For plant stanol esters: (i) Foods containing at least 1.7 g per serving of plant stanol esters, eaten twice a day with meals for a total daily intake of at least 3.4 g, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease. A serving of [name of the food] supplies ___grams of plant stanol esters. [17]
Sterol esters are a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds.They are created when the hydroxyl group of a sterol and a fatty acid undergo an esterification reaction. They can be found in trace amounts in every cell type but are highly enriched in foam cells and are common components of human skin oil.
β-Sitosterol is widely distributed in the plant kingdom.It is found in vegetable oil, nuts, avocados, and derived prepared foods such as salad dressings. [2] Olavius algarvensis, a species of marine annelid, predominantly incorporate β-sitosterol into their cell membranes instead of cholesterol, though cholesterol is also present in said membranes.
Stanol esters are a saturated subgroup of sterol esters. Plant stanol esters in Benecol products are fatty acid esters of plant sterols. The sterol part of the molecule is sitostanol or campestanol while the fatty acid residue originates from different vegetable oils. Plant stanol esters have the following physical properties:
SOAT2 also esterifies plant sterols but prefers cholesterol, so most plant sterols remain in the cell. In a healthy subject, the ABCG5/ABCG8 sterol efflux transporter pumps any unesterified sterols back into the gut lumen. Sterols not pumped back also end up in the chylomicrons destinated for the liver. [8] Sitosterolemia is inherited as a rare ...
The European Commission approved the following statement regarding Benecol products: "Plant stanol esters have been shown to lower/reduce blood cholesterol.Blood cholesterol lowering may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease" but noted that "there are no studies demonstrating that plant stanol esters have an impact on population-based CHD morbidity and mortality rates".
Plant sterols were first shown in the 1950s to lower LDLs and cholesterol. [7] Since then, numerous studies have reported the lipid-lowering effects of dietary phytosterols, including campesterol. [8] In basic research, campesterol competes with cholesterol, thus reducing the absorption of cholesterol in the human intestine. [9]
Adverse effects Cinchona bark Cinchona pubescens: Warfarin Possible additive effect [3] Chamomile: Blood thinners [23] Devil's Claw: grapple plant, wood spider Harpagophytum: Warfarin Additive effect [3] Ephedra Ephedra: Caffeine, decongestants, stimulants [15] Increases sympathomimetic effect of ephedra [3] Feverfew: featherfew Tanacetum ...
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