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2. Moody chart - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moody_chart

   where is the density of the fluid, is the average velocity in the pipe, is the friction factor from the Moody chart, is the length of the pipe and is the pipe diameter. The chart plots Darcy–Weisbach friction factor against Reynolds number Re for a variety of relative roughnesses, the ratio of the mean height of roughness of the pipe to the ...

3. K factor (crude oil refining) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K_factor_(crude_oil_refining)

   The K factor or characterization factor is defined from Rankine boiling temperature °R=1.8Tb[k] and relative to water density ρ at 60°F: . K(UOP) = / The K factor is a systematic way of classifying a crude oil according to its paraffinic, naphthenic, intermediate or aromatic nature. 12.5 or higher indicate a crude oil of predominantly paraffinic constituents, while 10 or lower indicate a ...

4. Darcy friction factor formulae - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy_friction_factor_formulae

   Serghides's solution is used to solve directly for the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f for a full-flowing circular pipe. It is an approximation of the implicit Colebrook–White equation. It was derived using Steffensen's method. [12] The solution involves calculating three intermediate values and then substituting those values into a final ...

5. Piping and plumbing fitting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting

   The bodies of fittings for pipe and tubing are often the same base material as the pipe or tubing connected: copper, steel, PVC, CPVC, or ABS. Any material permitted by the plumbing, health, or building code (as applicable) may be used, but it must be compatible with the other materials in the system, the fluids being transported, and the ...

6. Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen–Williams_equation

   The conversion factor k was chosen so that the values for C were the same as in the Chézy formula for the typical hydraulic slope of S=0.001. [9] The value of k is 0.001 −0.04. [10] Typical C factors used in design, which take into account some increase in roughness as pipe ages are as follows: [11]

7. Souders–Brown equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souders–Brown_equation

   The GPSA Engineering Data Book [3] recommends the following k values for vertical drums with horizontal mesh pads (at the denoted operating pressures): At a gauge pressure of 0 bar: 0.107 m/s; At a gauge pressure of 7 bar: 0.107 m/s; At a gauge pressure of 21 bar: 0.101 m/s; At a gauge pressure of 42 bar: 0.092 m/s