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Collective identity or group identity is a shared sense of belonging to a group. This concept appears within a few social science fields. This concept appears within a few social science fields. National identity is a simple example, though myriad groups exist which share a sense of identity.
Collective self-esteem described a more group-oriented idea of self-esteem. It focused more on how groups, when they are threatened or perceive to be threatened will increase bias in favor of the in-group and increase prejudice toward the out-group. [1] Crocker published a paper titled “Collective self-esteem and in-group bias.”
Meta-analysis results also confirm that social identity causally predicts collective action across a number of diverse contexts. Additionally, the integrated SIMCA affords another important role to social identity – that of a psychological bridge forming the collective base from which both collective efficacy and group injustice may be conceived.
Relatedly, collective identity is an overarching framework for different types of identity development, emphasizing the multidimensionality of group membership. [11] Part of collective identity includes positioning oneself psychologically in a group to which one shares some characteristic(s).
Collective memory is the shared pool of memories, knowledge and information of a social group that is significantly associated with the group's identity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The English phrase "collective memory" and the equivalent French phrase "la mémoire collective" appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century.
National identity can be considered a collective product. [5] Through socialization, a system of beliefs, values, assumptions, and expectations are transmitted to group members. [21] The collective elements of national identity may include national symbols, traditions, and memories of national experiences and achievements.
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Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. [1] [2]As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, [3] social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.