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An actuator is a component of a machine that produces force, torque, or displacement, when an electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic input is supplied to it in a system (called an actuating system). The effect is usually produced in a controlled way. [1] An actuator translates such an input signal into the required form of mechanical energy.
The space industry's interest in amplified piezoelectric actuators is due to the high power density of these actuators, high positioning accuracy, high reliability, and low power losses when used in quasistatic operation. Amplified piezoelectric actuators have no sliding parts due to the flexural hinges and do not require lubrication.
Electro-hydraulic actuators (EHAs), replace hydraulic systems with self-contained actuators operated solely by electrical power. EHAs eliminate the need for separate hydraulic pumps and tubing, because they include their own pump, [1] simplifying system architectures and improving safety and reliability. This technology originally was developed ...
The blue valve body is visible in-line with the pipe. The valve actuator opens or closes the butterfly disc of the valve based on electrical signals sent to the actuator. Another valve actuator is visible in the background, with windows to indicate the valve position. A valve actuator is the mechanism for opening and closing a valve. Manually ...
The hydraulic cylinders on this excavator operate the machine's linkages. Hydraulic cylinders in a hot press of a particle board machine. A hydraulic cylinder (also called a linear hydraulic motor) is a mechanical actuator that is used to give a unidirectional force through a unidirectional stroke.
A rotary actuator is an actuator that produces a rotary motion or torque. The simplest actuator is purely mechanical, where linear motion in one direction gives rise to rotation. The most common actuators are electrically powered; others may be powered pneumatically or hydraulically , or use energy stored in springs .
The diagram to the right shows the design of a basic valve, controlling the flow of water in this example. The top half shows the valve in its closed state. An inlet stream of pressurized water enters at A. B is an elastic diaphragm and above it is a spring pushing it down. The diaphragm has a pinhole through its center which allows a very ...
By connecting linkages to the nut, the motion can be converted to usable linear displacement. Most current actuators are built for high speed, high force, or a compromise between the two. When considering an actuator for a particular application, the most important specifications are typically travel, speed, force, accuracy, and lifetime.