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In this case, hydrostatic relationships developed for uniform flow still apply. Examples of this include the backwater behind an in-stream structure (e.g. dam, sluice gate, weir, etc.), when there is a constriction in the channel, and when there is a minor change in channel slope.
Open channel spillways are dam spillways that utilize the principles of open-channel flow to convey impounded water in order to prevent dam failure. They can function as principal spillways, emergency spillways, or both. They can be located on the dam itself or on a natural grade in the vicinity of the dam.
Ignoring ephemeral streams in the calculations does not consider the behavior of the basin during flood events and is therefore not completely representative of the drainage characteristics of the basin. Drainage density is indicative of infiltration and permeability of a drainage basin, as well as relating to the shape of the hydrograph.
The blue figure shows an example of results of a computer aided calculation with the amplified drainage equation using the EnDrain program. [11] It shows that incorporation of the incoming energy associated with the recharge leads to a somewhat deeper water table .
The discharge formula, Q = A V, can be used to rewrite Gauckler–Manning's equation by substitution for V. Solving for Q then allows an estimate of the volumetric flow rate (discharge) without knowing the limiting or actual flow velocity. The formula can be obtained by use of dimensional analysis.
The method consists of filling the flow area with stream and equipotential lines, which are everywhere perpendicular to each other, making a curvilinear grid.Typically there are two surfaces (boundaries) which are at constant values of potential or hydraulic head (upstream and downstream ends), and the other surfaces are no-flow boundaries (i.e., impermeable; for example the bottom of the dam ...
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Engineering drawing of a waste weir from the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. The maximum flow output in cubic meters/sec over the top of the waste weir with a length and height of water above the crest can be calculated by the formulas: