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  2. Futures and promises - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futures_and_promises

    If V is a return value, then it is sent the request R. If V is an exception, then it is thrown to the customer of the request R. If it does not already have a response, then R is stored in the queue of requests inside the F. When F receives the response V from evaluating <Expression>, then V is stored in F and

  3. Monitor (synchronization) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor_(synchronization)

    For example, a useful pair of contracts, allowing occupancy to be passed without establishing the invariant, is: wait c: precondition I modifies the state of the monitor postcondition P c signal c precondition (not empty(c) and P c) or (empty(c) and I) modifies the state of the monitor postcondition I (See Howard [4] and Buhr et al. [5] for more.)

  4. List of concurrent and parallel programming languages

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_concurrent_and...

    Concurrent and parallel programming languages involve multiple timelines. Such languages provide synchronization constructs whose behavior is defined by a parallel execution model. A concurrent programming language is defined as one which uses the concept of simultaneously executing processes or threads of execution as a means of structuring a ...

  5. Exception handling (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exception_handling...

    So if an exception is thrown then a performance hit – roughly comparable to a function call [24] – may occur if the necessary exception handling code needs to be loaded/cached. However, this scheme has minimal performance cost if no exception is thrown.

  6. Optimistic concurrency control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimistic_concurrency_control

    Optimistic concurrency control (OCC), also known as optimistic locking, is a non-locking concurrency control method applied to transactional systems such as relational database management systems and software transactional memory.

  7. ABA problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABA_problem

    In multithreaded computing, the ABA problem occurs during synchronization, when a location is read twice, has the same value for both reads, and the read value being the same twice is used to conclude that nothing has happened in the interim; however, another thread can execute between the two reads and change the value, do other work, then change the value back, thus fooling the first thread ...

  8. Exception handling syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exception_handling_syntax

    C does not provide direct support to exception handling: it is the programmer's responsibility to prevent errors in the first place and test return values from the functions.

  9. C Sharp (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)

    C# (/ ˌ s iː ˈ ʃ ɑːr p / see SHARP) [b] is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms. C# encompasses static typing, [16]: 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, [16]: 22 object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. [17]