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Some sleep specialists recommend biofeedback as well. [2] Usually, several methods are combined into an overall treatment plan. [3] Currently no treatment method is recommended over another. [4] CBT-I has been found to be an effective form of treatment of traditional insomnia, as well as insomnia related to or caused by mood disorders or PTSD.
Sleep hygiene is a behavioral and environmental practice [2] developed in the late 1970s as a method to help people with mild to moderate insomnia. [2] Clinicians assess the sleep hygiene of people with insomnia and other conditions, such as depression, and offer recommendations based on the assessment.
Primary vs. secondary (i.e. comorbid) insomnia has been reunited into a single disorder: chronic insomnia. Narcolepsy has been divided into narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2. These two types are distinguished by the presence or absence of cataplexy and the cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 level.
A score of 6 or higher is used to establish the diagnosis of insomnia. [ 2 ] The Athens insomnia scale is considered to be an effective tool in sleep analysis, and it is validated in various countries by testing it on local patients.
Suvorexant is used for the treatment of insomnia, characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance, in adults. [2] [6] At a dose of 15 to 20 mg and in terms of treatment–placebo difference, it reduces time to sleep onset by up to 10 minutes, reduces time awake after sleep onset by about 15 to 30 minutes, and increases total sleep time by about 10 to 20 minutes. [2]
Sleep state misperception (SSM) is a term in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) most commonly used for people who mistakenly perceive their sleep as wakefulness, [1] [2] though it has been proposed that it can be applied to those who severely overestimate their sleep time as well [3] ("positive" sleep state misperception). [4]
Roger in 1932 coined the term parasomnia and classified hypersomnia, insomnia and parasomnia. [3] Kleitman in 1939 recognized types of parasomnias as nightmares, night terrors , somniloquy (sleep-talking), somnambulism (sleepwalking), grinding of teeth , jactatians, enuresis , delirium , nonepileptic convulsions and personality dissociation. [ 4 ]
When a person struggles to fall asleep or stay asleep without any obvious cause, it is referred to as insomnia, [2] which is the most common sleep disorder. [3] Other sleep disorders include sleep apnea , narcolepsy , hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness at inappropriate times), sleeping sickness (disruption of the sleep cycle due to infection ...