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Cross Sectional Diagram of a Two Stage Drainage Ditch . A drainage ditch is a depression in the land created to channel water.Drainage ditches are typically formed around low-lying areas, roadsides or fields proximate to a water body or created to channel water from a more distant water source for the purpose of plant irrigation.
A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands [1] is an area of land adjacent to a river. Floodplains stretch from the banks of a river channel to the base of the enclosing valley, and experience flooding during periods of high discharge. [2] The soils usually consist of clays, silts, sands, and gravels deposited during floods. [3]
Floodplain restoration can also increase biodiversity by creating new or restoring degraded habitat and encourage growth of native species. [7] [8] Methods of wetland restoration in the floodplain, can help better water quality. [9] Reconnecting rivers to their floodplains promotes carbon storage in soil and regulates processes within soil. [8]
The map to the right shows a flood map for the City of York, including the floodplain for a 1 in 100-year flood (dark blue), the predicted floodplain for a 1 in 1000 year flood (light blue) and low-lying areas in need of flood defence (purple). The most sustainable way of reducing risk is to prevent further development in flood-prone areas and ...
The process is often a result of a sudden fall in sea level or the rise of land. The disturbance enables a rise in the river's gravitational potential energy change per unit distance, increasing its riverbed erosion rate. The erosion occurs as a result of the river adjusting to its new base level. [1]
Fluvial terraces are elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and fluvial valleys all over the world. They consist of a relatively level strip of land, called a "tread", separated from either an adjacent floodplain, other fluvial terraces, or uplands by distinctly steeper strips of land called "risers".
Sheet erosion or sheet wash is the even erosion of substrate along a wide area. [1] It occurs in a wide range of settings such as coastal plains, hill slopes, floodplains, beaches, [2] savanna plains [3] and semi-arid plains. [4] Water moving fairly uniformly with a similar thickness over a surface is called sheet flow, and is the cause of ...
River erosion can be driven by tectonic uplift, climate, or potentially both mechanisms. It is difficult in many areas, however, to decisively pinpoint whether tectonism or climate change can individually drive tectonic uplift, enhanced erosion, and therefore terrace formation. In many cases, simplifying the geologic issue to tectonic-driven vs ...