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David Abram, an ecophilosopher and author of "The Spell of the Sensuous," explores the relationship between humans and the natural world. His work encourages a deeper awareness of the interdependence between humans and the Earth's ecosystems. [29] Sandra Lubarsky is an environmental educator who has integrated mindfulness practices into her ...
Interdependence theory is a social exchange theory that states that interpersonal relationships are defined through interpersonal interdependence, which is "the process by which interacting people influence one another's experiences" [1] (Van Lange & Balliet, 2014, p. 65). The most basic principle of the theory is encapsulated in the equation I ...
The standards that humans use to evaluate costs and rewards vary over time and from person to person. The assumptions social exchange theory makes about the nature of relationships include the following: [29] Relationships are interdependent. Relational life is a process. Social systems result from human activity and function as structures ...
The black walnut secretes a chemical from its roots that harms neighboring plants, an example of competitive antagonism.. In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other.
Opposed to anthropocentrism, which sees humans as having a higher status than other species, [31] biocentrism puts humans on a par with the rest of nature, and not above it. [32] In his essay A Critique of Anti-Anthropocentric Biocentrism Richard Watson suggests that if this is the case, then "Human ways—human culture—and human actions are ...
Nature connectedness (as a construct) is also known as nature relatedness, connectivity with nature, emotional affinity toward nature, or inclusion of nature in self. Although nature relatedness is a stable individual trait, it can change based on one's experience with nature, [ 8 ] meaning the more time an individual spends in nature, the more ...
Richard Leakey and Roger Lewin attribute the very nature of humans to reciprocity. They claim humans survived because our ancestors learned to share goods and services "in an honored network of obligation." [13] Thus, the idea that humans are indebted to repay gifts and favors is a unique aspect of human culture.
[citation needed] For example, domesticated cereals that provide food for humans have lost the ability to spread seeds by shattering, a strategy that wild grains use to spread their seeds. [ 41 ] In traditional agriculture , some plants have mutualistic relationships as companion plants , providing each other with shelter, soil fertility or ...