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The book for which Ratzel is acknowledged all over the world is Anthropogeographie. It was completed between 1872 and 1899. It was completed between 1872 and 1899. The main focus of this monumental work is on the effects of different physical features and locations on the style and life of the people.
In 1897, the geographer and ethnographer Friedrich Ratzel in his book Politische Geographie applied the word Lebensraum ("living space") [4] to describe physical geography as a factor that influences human activities in developing into a society. [14] In 1901, Ratzel extended his thesis in his essay titled "Lebensraum ". [15]
Geopolitik was a German school of geopolitics which existed between the late 19th century and World War II.. It developed from the writings of various European and American philosophers, geographers and military personnel, including Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), Alexander Humboldt (1769–1859), Karl Ritter (1779–1859), Friedrich Ratzel (1844–1904), Rudolf Kjellén (1864–1922), Alfred ...
Johan Rudolf Kjellén (Swedish: [ˈrʉːdɔlf ɕɛˈleːn], 13 June 1864, in Torsö – 14 November 1922, in Uppsala) was a Swedish political scientist, geographer and politician who first coined the term "geopolitics". His work was influenced by Friedrich Ratzel.
Friedrich Ratzel (1844–1904), influenced by thinkers such as Darwin and zoologist Ernst Heinrich Haeckel, contributed to 'Geopolitik' by the expansion on the biological conception of geography, without a static conception of borders. Positing that states are organic and growing, with borders representing only a temporary stop in their ...
Rudolf Kjellén was a Swedish political scientist and student of Friedrich Ratzel. He first coined the term "geopolitics." [34] His writings would play a decisive role in influencing General Karl Haushofer's geopolitik, and indirectly the future Nazi foreign policy. [34] His writings focused on five central concepts that would underlie German ...
Friedrich Ratzel (1844–1904), environmental determinist, invented the term Lebensraum Paul Vidal de la Blache (1845–1918), founder of the French School of geopolitics and possibilism . Sir Halford John Mackinder (1861–1947), author of The Geographical Pivot of History , co-founder of the London School of Economics , along with the ...
Haushofer was exposed to Ratzel, who was friends with Haushofer's father, a teacher of economic geography, [27] and would integrate Ratzel's ideas on the division between sea and land powers into his theories, saying that only a country with both could overcome this conflict. [28] Haushofer's geopolitik expands upon that of Ratzel and Kjellén.