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Levinson subsequently developed a theory of generalized conversational implicature (GCI) based on the Q-principle. He argues that GCIs are distinct from particularized conversational implicatures in that they are inferred via a specialized set of principles and rules that are always in force, independent of the context.
The Horn scales are named after him (a pragmatically determined scale over which Gricean generalized conversational implicatures can be calculated). His 1989 book, A natural history of negation , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] is widely considered to be a masterpiece; [ 6 ] in it, he lays out all the major topics concerning negation since Aristotle, and touches ...
He locates his work on pragmatics under what he has called the Gricean umbrella (2000:12ff.), a broad theory of communication that focuses on the role of conversational implicatures. His work with Penelope Brown on language structures related to formality and politeness across the world led to the publication of Politeness: Universals in ...
Herbert Paul Grice (13 March 1913 – 28 August 1988), [1] usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a British philosopher of language who created the theory of implicature and the cooperative principle (with its namesake Gricean maxims), which became foundational concepts in the linguistic field of pragmatics.
In pragmatics, scalar implicature, or quantity implicature, [1] is an implicature that attributes an implicit meaning beyond the explicit or literal meaning of an utterance, and which suggests that the utterer had a reason for not using a more informative or stronger term on the same scale. The choice of the weaker characterization suggests ...
Stephen Levinson sees relevance theory as too reductionist, as a single principle cannot account for the large variety of pragmatic phenomena – such as implicatures – in his view. In particular, he argues that this theory cannot account for generalized conversational implicatures because it is inherently a theory of context dependency.
Pragmatics encompasses phenomena including implicature, speech acts, relevance and conversation, [2] as well as nonverbal communication. Theories of pragmatics go hand-in-hand with theories of semantics , which studies aspects of meaning, and syntax , which examines sentence structures, principles, and relationships.
Information Manipulation Theory (abbreviated IMT) is a theory of deceptive discourse production, rooted in H. Paul Grice's theory of conversational implicature. [1] [2] IMT argues that, rather than communicators producing truths and lies, the vast majority of everyday deceptive discourse involves complicated combinations of elements that fall somewhere in between these polar opposites; with ...