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In human development, muteness or mutism [1] is defined as an absence of speech, with or without an ability to hear the speech of others. [2] Mutism is typically understood as a person's inability to speak, and commonly observed by their family members, caregivers, teachers, doctors or speech and language pathologists.
To reflect the involuntary nature of this disorder, the name was changed to selective mutism in 1994, although some people are calling for a name change to "situational mutism" because the current name can promote the belief that it is a behavior the individual selects rather than it occurring in certain situations. [10]
Some people consider it best to use person-first language, for example "a person with a disability" rather than "a disabled person." [1] However identity-first language, as in "autistic person" or "deaf person", is preferred by many people and organizations. [2] Language can influence individuals' perception of disabled people and disability. [3]
Production of words becomes more difficult with effort, but common phrases may sometimes be spoken spontaneously without effort. Cluttering, a speech and fluency disorder characterized primarily by a rapid rate of speech, which makes speech difficult to understand. Developmental verbal dyspraxia also known as childhood apraxia of speech.
Semantic satiation is a psychological phenomenon in which repetition causes a word or phrase to temporarily lose meaning for the listener, [1] who then perceives the speech as repeated meaningless sounds. Extended inspection or analysis (staring at the word or phrase for a long time) in place of repetition also produces the same effect.
Either hearing loss is a significant risk factor for driving and should prevent or limit people from driving, or it’s not a risk factor and deaf drivers shouldn’t face any additional hurdles ...
Language deprivation experiments have been claimed to have been attempted at least four times through history, isolating infants from the normal use of spoken or signed language in an attempt to discover the fundamental character of human nature or the origin of language.
In speech communication, intelligibility is a measure of how comprehensible speech is in given conditions. Intelligibility is affected by the level (loud but not too loud) and quality of the speech signal, the type and level of background noise, reverberation (some reflections but not too many), and, for speech over communication devices, the properties of the communication system.