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In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for cellular mobile devices and data terminals. It is considered to be a "transitional" 4G technology, [1] and is therefore also referred to as 3.95G as a step above 3G.
The 12 E. coli LTEE populations on June 25, 2008. [1]The E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) is an ongoing study in experimental evolution begun by Richard Lenski at the University of California, Irvine, carried on by Lenski and colleagues at Michigan State University, [2] and currently overseen by Jeffrey Barrick at the University of Texas at Austin. [3]
] At a workshop in April 2008 in China, 3GPP agreed the plans for work on Long Term Evolution (LTE). [7] A first set of specifications were approved in June 2008. [8] Besides the peak data rate 1 Gb/s as defined by the ITU-R, it also targets faster switching between power states and improved performance at the cell edge.
LTE-M or LTE-MTC ("Long-Term Evolution Machine Type Communication") is a type of low-power wide-area network radio communication technology standard developed by 3GPP for machine-to-machine and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
LTE Advanced (Long Term Evolution Advanced) is a candidate for IMT-Advanced standard, formally submitted by the 3GPP organization to ITU-T in the fall 2009, and as of 2013 has been released to the public. [19] [needs update] The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced is to reach and surpass the ITU requirements. [20] LTE Advanced is essentially an ...
Voice over Long-Term Evolution (acronym VoLTE) is an LTE high-speed wireless communication standard for voice calls and SMS using mobile phones and data terminals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] VoLTE has up to three times more voice [ 3 ] and data capacity than older 3G UMTS and up to six times more than 2G GSM .
One of the most widely known examples of laboratory bacterial evolution is the long-term E.coli experiment of Richard Lenski. On February 24, 1988, Lenski started growing twelve lineages of E. coli under identical growth conditions.
The E. coli long-term evolution experiment is an ongoing study in experimental evolution led by Richard Lenski that has been tracking genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of asexual Escherichia coli bacteria since 24 February 1988. [13] The populations reached the milestone of 75,000 generations in 2022. [14]