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Church pressure to restrain religious imagery affected art from the 1530s and resulted in the decrees of the final session of the Council of Trent in 1563 including short and rather inexplicit passages concerning religious images, which were to have great impact on the development of Catholic art.
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Images of Jesus and narrative scenes from the Life of Christ are the most common subjects, and scenes from the Old Testament play a part in the art of most denominations. Images of the Virgin Mary and saints are much rarer in Protestant art than that of Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy .
Lutheran art consists of all religious art produced for Lutherans and the Lutheran churches.This includes sculpture, painting, and architecture. Artwork in the Lutheran churches arose as a distinct marker of the faith during the Reformation era and attempted to illustrate, supplement and portray in tangible form the teachings of Lutheran theology.
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Woodcut of 1563 from the Protestant Foxe's Book of Martyrs showing the destruction of Catholic images in the upper portion. Edward VI, whom Cranmer charged to emulate Josiah's purging of the Temple, [1] is shown enthroned in lower left, while a Reformed church service according to the Book of Common Prayer takes place in the lower right.
Though their development was gradual, it is possible to date the full-blown appearance and general ecclesiastical (as opposed to simply popular or local) acceptance of Christian images as venerated and miracle-working objects to the 6th century, when, as Hans Belting writes, [35] "we first hear of the church's use of religious images".
The use of religious images has often been a contentious issue in Christian history. Concern over idolatry is the driving force behind the various traditions of aniconism in Christianity. In the early Church, Christians used the Ichthys (fish) symbol to identify Christian places of worship and Christian homes. [1]