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There is a likelihood that underfloor heating may add to offgassing and sick building syndrome in an environment, particularly when the carpet is used as flooring. [citation needed] Electric underfloor heating systems cause low frequency magnetic fields (in the 50–60 Hz range), old 1-wire systems much more so than modern 2-wire systems.
The ground floor with a slab on grade has less temperature rise compared to middle and top floors, and an increase of the supply air temperature causes a decrease in the temperature rise. The temperature rise is not significantly affected by the perimeter zone orientation, the internal heat gain and the window-to-wall ratio. [16]
Hypocaust under the floor in a Roman villa in Vieux-la-Romaine, near Caen, France. A hypocaust (Latin: hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes.
The lower temperatures and large surface area of underfloor heating systems make them ideal heat emitters for air source heat pumps, evenly and effectively radiating the heat energy from the system into rooms within a home. The maximum temperature of the heating surface can vary from 29–35 °C (84–95 °F) depending on the room type.
In addition, double-regulating balancing valves are manually set to regulate the impact of pressure changes across the system. CAV (constant air volume) systems are mainly used in offices made up of a single area (e.g. open plan), where the temperature of the supply air is varied in response to a thermostat.
Air-to-air heat pumps provide hot or cold air directly to rooms, but do not usually provide hot water. Air-to-water heat pumps use radiators or underfloor heating to heat a whole house and are often also used to provide domestic hot water. An ASHP can typically gain 4 kWh thermal energy from 1 kWh electric energy.
An ondol conducts heat evenly throughout the whole room, although the part of the room closest to the agungi is much warmer. Comparing the ondol with the Western radiator: the heat from the radiator rises towards the ceiling, but an ondol keeps both the floor and the air in the room warm.
Hydronics (from Ancient Greek hydro- ' water ') is the use of liquid water or gaseous water or a water solution (usually glycol with water) as a heat-transfer medium in heating and cooling systems. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name differentiates such systems from oil and refrigerant systems.