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In terms of sociology, historical sociology is often better positioned to analyze social life as diachronic, while survey research takes a snapshot of social life and is thus better equipped to understand social life as synchronic. Some argue that the synchrony of social structure is a methodological perspective rather than an ontological claim ...
In research designed to identify the "quack factor" in modern mental health practice, Norcross et al. (2006) [473] list NLP as possibly or probably discredited, and in papers reviewing discredited interventions for substance and alcohol abuse, Norcross et al. (2008) [474] list NLP in the "top ten" most discredited, and Glasner-Edwards and ...
She reports that between the late 1950s and the 1990s, scholars were already expressing concerns about a possible crisis of replication, [51] a suspiciously high rate of positive findings, [52] questionable research practices (QRPs), [53] the effects of publication bias, [54] issues with statistical power, [55] [56] and bad standards of reporting.
Environmental Sociology: A Social Constructionist Perspective. [42] Argues that a society's willingness to recognize and solve environmental problems depends more upon the way these claims are presented by a limited number of interest groups than upon the severity of the threat they pose. [citation needed] Michelson, William. 2002.
Conflict theories are perspectives in political philosophy and sociology which argue that individuals and groups (social classes) within society interact on the basis of conflict rather than agreement, while also emphasizing social psychology, historical materialism, power dynamics, and their roles in creating power structures, social movements, and social arrangements within a society.
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. [1] A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity.
Examples of middle-range theories are theories of reference groups, social mobility, normalization processes, role conflict and the formation of social norms. [3] The middle-range approach has played a role in turning sociology into an increasingly empirically oriented discipline. [7] This was also important in post-war thought.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the discipline of sociology: . Sociology – the study of society [1] using various methods of empirical investigation [2] and critical analysis [3] to understand human social activity, from the micro level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and social structure.