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[5] [19] [21] [10] [22] [23] It is specifically used following treatment with or in combination with nitroimidazoles like metronidazole for recurrent bacterial vaginosis. [ 5 ] [ 22 ] [ 10 ] Although it has been reported to be effective and is widely used for this purpose, clinical studies of boric acid for treatment of bacterial vaginosis are ...
Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. [11] It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. [11]
Intravaginal administration is a route of administration where the substance is applied inside the vagina. Pharmacologically , it has the potential advantage to result in effects primarily in the vagina or nearby structures (such as the vaginal portion of cervix ) with limited systemic adverse effects compared to other routes of administration.
This is a shortened version of the eleventh chapter of the ICD-9: Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium. It covers ICD codes 630 to 679 . The full chapter can be found on pages 355 to 378 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
The Nugent score is now rarely used by physicians due to the time it takes to read the slides and requires the use of a trained microscopist. [4] A score of 0–10 is generated from combining three other scores. The scores are as follows: [27] 0–3 is considered negative for BV; 4–6 is considered intermediate; 7+ is considered indicative of BV.
Women should speak to their doctor or healthcare professional before starting or stopping any medications while pregnant. [1] Drugs taken in pregnancy including over-the counter-medications, prescription medications, nutritional supplements, recreational drugs, and illicit drugs may cause harm to the mother or the unborn child.
A sensitive serum pregnancy test is typically obtained to rule out ectopic pregnancy. Culdocentesis will differentiate hemoperitoneum (ruptured ectopic pregnancy or hemorrhagic cyst) from pelvic sepsis (salpingitis, ruptured pelvic abscess, or ruptured appendix). [28] Pelvic and vaginal ultrasounds are helpful in the diagnosis of PID.
Every drug has specific information listed in its product literature. The British National Formulary used to provide a table of drugs to be avoided or used with caution in pregnancy, and did so using a limited number of key phrases, but now Appendix 4 (which was the Pregnancy table) has been removed. Appendix 4 is now titled "Intravenous ...