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This category includes hazardous air pollutants, as listed in Section 112 of the U.S. Clean Air Act (1970) and Clean Air Act (1990). The list can be found on Wikipedia at National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, and on EPA at .
Air pollution can be monitored using different techniques. For instance, satellites and remote sensing is used to track PM, NO 2 and ozone. [185] Many regions have a network of monitoring stations, with good coverage in India, China, Europe and the US. Poor coverage exist however for a number of highly-polluted countries, such as Chad and Iran.
This is in part because pollution causes so many diseases that it is often difficult to draw a straight line between cause and effect. There are many types of pollution-related diseases, including those caused by air pollution, contaminated soil, water pollution and lacking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Air pollution can be reduced.
The six criteria air pollutants were the first set of pollutants recognized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as needing standards on a national level. [5] The Clean Air Act requires the EPA to set US National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the six CAPs. [6]
Railway cargo can be a cause of pollution. [31] Air pollution can occur from boxcars carrying materials such as iron ore, coal, soil, or aggregates and exposing these materials to the air. This can release nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, or hydrocarbons into the air.
The risk of air pollution is determined by the pollutant's hazard and the amount of exposure that affects a person. [36] For example, a child who plays outdoor sports will have a higher likelihood of outdoor air pollution exposure than an adult who tends to spend more time indoors, whether at work or elsewhere. [36]
During various mining processes in which rock/minerals are broken up and collected for processing, mineral dusts are created and become airborne. Inhalation of these dusts can lead to various respiratory illnesses, depending on the dust type (e.g. coal, silica, etc.), size of the dust particulates, and exposure duration. [4]
Several environmental policy issues affect people's health, including policies that affect access to clean air and water, policies that ensure sanitation and hygiene, provide labels for safe use of chemicals, support workplace safety, a health-supportive built environment, and sustainable agriculture. [2]