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Protection and indemnity insurance, more commonly known as P&I insurance, is a form of mutual maritime insurance provided by a P&I club. [1] Whereas a marine insurance company provides "hull and machinery" cover for shipowners, and cargo cover for cargo owners, a P&I club provides cover for open-ended risks that traditional insurers are reluctant to insure.
The organization offers certification programs, training tools, and networking opportunities for the purpose of increasing workplace performance in supply chain. [6] The Supply Chain Council (SCC) merged into APICS on 5 August 2014. [7] APICS also merged with the American Society of Transportation and Logistics (AST&L) in 2015.
The Certificate of Financial Responsibility (COFR) program was created to ensure that tankers, barges, and other vessels used to transport oil and chemical-based products on U.S. should bear any ensuing cleanup costs from spills or leaks.
In the 19th century, shipowners banded together in mutual underwriting clubs known as Protection and Indemnity Clubs (P&I), to insure the remaining one-quarter liability amongst themselves. These Clubs are still in existence today and have become the model for other specialized and noncommercial marine and non-marine mutuals, for example in ...
The NorthStandard P&I Association or Club is a marine mutual liability insurer in the United Kingdom.. In May 2022, it was announced that the North of England P&I Association would merge with the Standard Steamship Owners Protection & Indemnity Association (the Standard Club). [1]
Currently the majority of web browsers are shipped with pre-installed intermediate certificates issued and signed by a certificate authority, by public keys certified by so-called root certificates. This means browsers need to carry a large number of different certificate providers, increasing the risk of a key compromise.
The London P&I Club abbreviated also London Club, and The London Steam-Ship Owners’ Mutual Insurance Association Limited is a group of protection and indemnity insurance (P&I) companies for mutual maritime insurance representing global ship-owners, founded and registered in England 1866, incorporated in 1875.
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