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Such inclinometers are, for instance, used for monitoring volcanoes, or for measuring the depth and rate of landslide movement. Measuring movements in walls or the ground in civil engineering projects. Determining the dip of beds or strata, or the slope of an embankment or cutting; a kind of plumb level. Some automotive safety systems.
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Volcano and Earth movement monitoring then used the water-tube, long baseline tiltmeter. [2] In 1919, the physicist, Albert A. Michelson , noted that the most favorable arrangement to obtain high sensitivity and immunity from temperature perturbations is to use the equipotential surface defined by water in a buried half-filled water pipe. [ 3 ]
Generic Mapping Tools [16] Map generation and analysis Lamont–Doherty and University of Hawaii: GPL: Cross-platform: C: Implemented in OpendTect GPlates [17] Interactive visualization of plate tectonics University of Sydney, Caltech, NGU: GPL: Cross-platform: C++, Python: Implements GPML: OpenStereo [18] [19] Geoscience plotting tool
Regolith mapping can also be used to determine disrupted natural landscapes in aerial photographs. [1] For example, agricultural terraces , which refers to the level land surfaces divided by short back slopes and concrete barriers, is one of the disrupted landscapes. [ 1 ]
A standard geodetic monitoring instrument in the Freeport open pit mine, Indonesia GNSS reference station antenna for structural monitoring of the Jiangying Bridge. Measuring devices (or sensors) can be sorted in two main groups: geodetic and geotechnical sensors. Both measuring devices can be seamlessly combined in modern deformation monitoring.
A supervised classification is a system of classification in which the user builds a series of randomly generated training datasets or spectral signatures representing different land-use and land-cover (LULC) classes and applies these datasets in machine learning models to predict and spatially classify LULC patterns and evaluate classification accuracies.
Yield mapping or yield monitoring is a technique in agriculture of using GPS data to analyze variables such as crop yield and moisture content in a given field. It was developed in the 1990s and uses a combination of GPS technology and physical sensors, such as speedometers, to track crop yields, grain elevator speed, and combine speed.