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Khandhaka is the second book of the Theravadin Vinaya Pitaka and includes the following two volumes: . Mahāvagga: includes accounts of Gautama Buddha's and the ten principal disciples' awakenings, as well as rules for uposatha days and monastic ordination.
It is usually taken by students during the final two years of Senior secondary school (Grade 10 & 11 (usually ages 15–16)) or external (non-school) candidate. The exam is usually held in December. The exams are held in three mediums Sinhala, Tamil and English.
According to the Theri-apadāna, Gotamī started on the path of the Dhamma during the time of Padumuttara Buddha, when she was born to a wealthy family in Hamsavati.She witnessed Padumuttara Buddha place his aunt, a bhikkhuni, in a senior position, and aspired to achieve the same position after providing offerings to the Buddha and his followers for seven days.
The ten principal disciples were the main disciples of Gautama Buddha. [1] Depending on the scripture, the disciples included in this group vary. In many Mahāyāna discourses, these ten disciples are mentioned, but in differing order. [2] [3] [1] The ten disciples can be found as an iconographic group in notable places in the Mogao Caves.
Buddhist texts can be categorized in a number of ways. The Western terms "scripture" and "canonical" are applied to Buddhism in inconsistent ways by Western scholars: for example, one authority refers to "scriptures and other canonical texts", while another says that scriptures can be categorized into canonical, commentarial, and pseudo-canonical.
Followers of Buddhism called Buddhists in English, referred to themselves as Saugata. [10] Other terms were Sakyans or Sakyabhiksu in ancient India. [11] [12] Sakyaputto was another term used by Buddhists, as well as Ariyasavako [13] and Jinaputto. [14] Buddhist scholar Donald S. Lopez states they also used the term Bauddha. [15]
The Apadāna is a collection of biographical stories found in the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Pāli Canon, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism. G.P. Malalasekera describes it as 'a Buddhist Vitae Sanctorum' of Buddhist monks and nuns who lived during the lifetime of the Buddha. [1] It is thought to be one of the latest additions to the canon. [2]
Buddhism was introduced to the Three Kingdoms of Korea beginning around 372 CE. [129] During the 6th century, many Korean monks traveled to China and India to study Buddhism and various Korean Buddhist schools developed. Buddhism prospered in Korea during the North–South States Period (688–926) when it became a dominant force in society. [126]