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Estimates of the number of deaths attributable to the Soviet revolutionary and dictator Joseph Stalin vary widely. [1] The scholarly consensus affirms that archival materials declassified in 1991 contain irrefutable data far superior to sources used prior to 1991, such as statements from emigres and other informants.
The death rate of German soldiers held by Soviet Union has been estimated at 15% by Mark Edele, [31] and at 35.8% by Niall Ferguson. [35] An even higher estimate of death rate has been suggested for the Italian soldiers held by the Soviet Union: 79% (estimate by Thomas Schlemmer ) [36]: 153 or 56.5%.
However, death toll of civilians due to the bombing has been estimated to have been 40,000, [87] [82] or as many as 70,000, [83] though these estimates may be exaggerated. [88] Also estimated are 150,000 wounded. [89] The Soviet Air Force, the Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS), was swept aside by the Luftwaffe. The VVS bases in the immediate area ...
At about the same time a mass grave from the Stalin period was discovered at the other end of the country in Vladivostok. [3] These and later mass graves in the Soviet Union were used to conceal the large numbers of Soviet citizens and foreigners executed by the Bolshevik regime under Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. [4]
The tentative consensus says that once secret records of the Gulag administration in Moscow show a lower death toll than expected from memoir sources, generally between 1.5 and 1.7 million (out of 18 million who passed through) for the years from 1930 to 1953." [104] Certificates of death in the Gulag system for the period from 1930 to 1956 [105]
The destruction was monumental and complete, turning Stalingrad into a sea of fire and killing thousands of civilians and soldiers. At least 90% of the housing stock was obliterated during the first week of the bombing, [ 3 ] with estimations of some 40,000 killed, [ 1 ] possibly as many as 70,000 killed, [ 3 ] though these may be exaggerations ...
Joseph Stalin's purges and massacres between 1936 and the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany (Great Purge) had about one million victims. This list includes some of the most prominent victims along with the date of their deaths. Except where otherwise stated, the date is that on which the individual was executed by shooting.
Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian death toll due to the war and Japanese occupation at 1,500,000. [361] Vietnamese sources put the number of deaths during the 1944–45 famine in North Vietnam at between 1 and 2 million. [52] ^S Germany The following notes summarize German casualties, the details are presented in German casualties in World ...