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Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) is a dysfunction of the reward system observed in some individuals taking dopaminergic medications for an extended length of time. It is characterized by severely disinhibited patterns of behavior, [ 1 ] leading to problems such as addiction to the offending medication, gambling addiction , or compulsive ...
Punding, a possible symptom of dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS), is the repetition of complex motor behaviours such as collecting or arranging objects. Punding is compulsive performance of repetitive, mechanical tasks, such as assembling and disassembling, collecting, or sorting objects. It can also apply to digital objects, such as ...
Obsessive–compulsive behaviors (also known as impulse-control disorders) such as craving, binge eating, hypersexuality, pathological gambling, punding, or others, can also appear in PD, and have been related to a dopamine dysregulation syndrome associated with the medications for the disease. [1]
[1] [4] [3] Additional studies hypothesize dopamine dysregulation is involved in Huntington's disease, ADHD, Tourette's syndrome, major depression, manic depression, addiction, hypertension and kidney dysfunction. [1] [3] [5] Dopamine receptor antagonists are used for some diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, nausea and vomiting. [1]
Side effects of levodopa include nausea, the wearing-off phenomenon, dopamine dysregulation syndrome, and levodopa-induced dyskinesia, among others. [3] The drug is a centrally permeable monoamine precursor and prodrug of dopamine and hence acts as a dopamine receptor agonist. [3] Chemically, levodopa is an amino acid, a phenethylamine, and a ...
The dopamine neurons of the dopaminergic pathways synthesize and release the neurotransmitter dopamine. [2] [3] Enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase are required for dopamine synthesis. [4] These enzymes are both produced in the cell bodies of dopamine neurons. Dopamine is stored in the cytoplasm and vesicles in axon terminals.
Mood dysregulation from dopamine dysregulation syndrome occurs as a result of changes in the neurotransmitter systems such as disturbance in the dopaminergic reward system. [132] [131] Epilepsy: Epilepsy is an abnormal brain activity disease marked with seizures.
Donohue syndrome; DOOR syndrome; Dopamine dysregulation syndrome; Down syndrome; Dravet syndrome; Dressler syndrome; Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; Dry eye syndrome; Duane syndrome; Duane-radial ray syndrome; Dubin–Johnson syndrome; Dubowitz syndrome; Dumping syndrome; Dysexecutive syndrome; Dyskeratosis congenita ...