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The large round hole is a fire pit. The air intake (square hole), the stones blocking air from the intake, the pit and the sipapu form a line: an intentional design. At Long House, Mesa Verde. A sipapu (a Hopi word) was a small hole or indentation in the floor of a kiva (pithouse).
Interior of Great Kiva at Aztec Ruins National Monument showing the vast size of the structure Ruins of the kiva at Puerco Pueblo, Petrified Forest National Park Chacoan round room features. A kiva (also estufa [1]) is a space used by Puebloans for rites and political meetings, many of them associated with the kachina belief system.
Illicium is a genus of flowering plants treated as part of the family Schisandraceae, [2] or alternately as the sole genus of the Illiciaceae. [3] It has a disjunct distribution , with most species native to eastern Asia and several in parts of North America, including the southeastern United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. [ 4 ]
Ancestral Puebloans spanned Northern Arizona and New Mexico, Southern Colorado and Utah, and a part of Southeastern Nevada. They primarily lived north of the Patayan, Sinagua, Hohokam, Trincheras, Mogollon, and Casas Grandes cultures of the Southwest [1] and south of the Fremont culture of the Great Basin.
Teponaztli were usually decorated with relief carvings of various deities or with abstract designs, and were even carved into the shapes of creatures or humans. Some of these creatures are open-mouthed, providing increased volume through the hole at the end. On other drums, a hole was made on the drum's underside.
The New Fire Ceremony (Spanish: Ceremonia del Fuego Nuevo) was an Aztec ceremony performed once every 52 years—a full cycle of the Aztec “calendar round”—in order to stave off the end of the world. The calendar round was the combination of the 260-day ritual calendar and the 365-day annual calendar.
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