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On Unix and related systems based on the C language, a stream is a source or sink of data, usually individual bytes or characters. Streams are an abstraction used when reading or writing files, or communicating over network sockets. The standard streams are three streams made available to all programs.
an input stream that wraps a file stream buffer. Provides functions to open or close a file in addition to those of generic input stream ifstream – operates on characters of type char; wifstream – operates on characters of type wchar_t; basic_istringstream: an input stream that wraps a string stream buffer.
Standard input is a stream from which a program reads its input data. The program requests data transfers by use of the read operation. Not all programs require stream input.
3 bytes: 0x000001 Stream id: 1 byte: Examples: Audio streams (0xC0-0xDF), Video streams (0xE0-0xEF) [4] [5] Note: The above 4 bytes is called the 32 bit start code. PES Packet length: 2 bytes: Specifies the number of bytes remaining in the packet after this field. Can be zero. If the PES packet length is set to zero, the PES packet can be of ...
For example, a run of eight occurrences of the letter "A" in the input stream ("AAAAAAAA") would produce "A8" as a byte pair in the output stream. Run length encoders are often used for crudely compressing bitmaps. With JSP, the first step is to describe the data structure(s) of a program's input stream(s). The program has only one input stream ...
More formally, fix some positive constant c > 1, let the length of the stream be m, and let f i denote the frequency of value i in the stream. The frequent elements problem is to output the set { i | f i > m/c }. [13] Some notable algorithms are: Boyer–Moore majority vote algorithm; Count-Min sketch; Lossy counting; Multi-stage Bloom filters
The type and length are fixed in size (typically 1–4 bytes), and the value field is of variable size. These fields are used as follows: Type A binary code, often simply alphanumeric, which indicates the kind of field that this part of the message represents; Length The size of the value field (typically in bytes); Value
The CP/M file system (and also the original 8-bit FAT implemented in Microsoft BASIC) only recorded the lengths of files in multiples of 128-byte "records", so, by convention, a Control-Z character was used to mark the end of meaningful data if it ended in the middle of a record.