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2. Chomsky hierarchy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomsky_hierarchy

   The Chomsky hierarchy in the fields of formal language theory, computer science, and linguistics, is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars. A formal grammar describes how to form strings from a language's vocabulary (or alphabet) that are valid according to the language's syntax. The linguist Noam Chomsky theorized that four ...

3. English grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

   English grammar is the set of structural rules of the English language.This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and whole texts.. This article describes a generalized, present-day Standard English – a form of speech and writing used in public discourse, including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news, over a range of registers, from formal to ...

4. Affirmation and negation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation

   Affirmation and negation. In linguistics and grammar, affirmation (abbreviated AFF) and negation (NEG) are ways in which grammar encodes positive and negative polarity into verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances. An affirmative (positive) form is used to express the validity or truth of a basic assertion, while a negative form expresses its ...

5. V2 word order - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V2_word_order

   Numerals. v. t. e. In syntax, verb-second (V2) word order[1] is a sentence structure in which the finite verb of a sentence or a clause is placed in the clause's second position, so that the verb is preceded by a single word or group of words (a single constituent). Examples of V2 in English include (brackets indicating a single constituent):

6. Educational stage - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_stage

   Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education.The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 ...

7. Reading - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading

   Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

8. English language - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language

   v. t. e. English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain. [4][5][6] The namesake of the language is the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to Britain.

9. Grammatical mood - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood

   e. In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality. [1][2]: 181 [3] That is, it is the use of verbal inflections that allow speakers to express their attitude toward what they are saying (for example, a statement of fact, of desire, of command, etc.). The term is also used more broadly to describe ...