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Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (or sodium-glucose linked transporter, SGLT) are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT2 in PCT and SGLT1 in PST).
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are antihyperglycemic agents acting on the SGLT-2 proteins expressed in the proximal convoluted tubules. These drugs exert their effect by preventing the reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen.
Abstract. This comprehensive review covers the historical background, physiology, application in type 2 diabetes, novel uses, cardiovascular benefits, side effects and contraindications of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the sodium–glucose cotransporter SGLT1 and a related transporter SMCT1 define the architecture of this protein family and provide insights into...
GLUTs are divided into two structurally and functionally distinct types: (i) GLUTs, which operate by facilitated diffusion 1, 2; and (ii) sodium–glucose cotransporters (SGLTs), which actively transport glucose against the concentration gradient by coupling with sodium 3, 4.
The protein known as sodium-coupled glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) was first shown 4, 5 in the 1980s to be responsible for the active transport of glucose across the brush-border membrane...
SGLT1, the first cloned transporter within the large sodium-solute symporter (SSS) family 2, is a high-affinity, low-capacity glucose transporter with an apparent 2 Na +:1 sugar coupling stoichiometry 2, 6. SGLT1 mediates active glucose and galactose absorption in the intestine as well as renal glucose scavenging 4.
Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) belong to the SLC5 family of active glucose transporters, which numbers 12 member proteins and related human genes (Wright, 2013). While all except SGLT3 transport sodium, the cognate substrate varies from hexoses (glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, and myoinositol) to urea, iodide, and short-chain ...
There are two classes of glucose transporters involved in glucose homeostasis in the body, the facilitated transporters or uniporters (GLUTs) and the active transporters or symporters (SGLTs).
In recent landmark clinical trials, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor therapies improve blood glucose control and also reduce cardiovascular events and heart failure hospitalisations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Intriguingly, such clinical benefits have also been seen in patients with heart failure in the absence of type 2 ...
The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC5A2 (solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter)) gene.
The substances transported by these proteins can include ions such as sodium and potassium; sugars such as glucose; proteins and messenger molecules; and many more.
Abstract. Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) family members are involved in several vital biological functions. Except for SGLT3, they are involved in the mechanisms of active transport of sodium and glucose and several micromolecules.
All four agents are sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors acting on the SGLT-2 proteins expressed in the renal proximal convoluted tubules to reduce the reabsorption of filtered glucose, decrease the renal threshold for glucose (RTG), and promote urinary glucose excretion.
Sodium-glucose transport: role in diabetes mellitus and potential clinical implications. Volker Vallon. a Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego/Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego. b Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, California, USA.
Glucose transporters are proteins, which facilitate glucose (and related substance) transport across cell membrane. As glucose is vital to all cells of body, so are glucose transporters. Recent advances in technology have revealed lot of new information about structural and functional characteristics of these proteins.
Glucose transport across the cell membrane is mediated by two types of transporters: facilitative glucose transporters (gene name: solute carrier 2A) and sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs; gene name: solute carrier 5A). Each transporter has its own substrate specificity, distribution, and regulatory mechanisms.
The sodium-dependent glucose transporters are integral membrane proteins considered cotransporters or symporters that mediate glucose transport with a much lower affinity to galactose across the plasma membrane by an active transport mechanism.
Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins SGLT1 uses the energy in a downhill transmembrane movement of Na+ to transport glucose across the apical membrane against an uphill glucose gradient so that the sugar can be transported into the bloodstream.
Vitamin C plays key roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning as a potent antioxidant and a positive regulator of cell differentiation. In skeletal muscle, the vitamin C/sodium co-transporter SVCT2 is preferentially expressed in oxidative slow fibers. SVCT2 is up-regulated during the early fusion of primary myoblasts and decreases during initial myotube growth, indicating the relevance of ...
Two families of glucose transporters have been identified in humans, including the major glucose facilitator GLUT (glucose transporter) superfamily (solute carrier 2A(SLC2A)) and the sodium-driven glucose symporter SGLT (sodium-glucose cotransporter) family (SLC5).
All SGLT proteins have 14 transmembrane helices in topology. SGLT1 and SGLT2 function as a glucose/galactose transporter and a glucose transporter across the membrane, respectively.