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A good example is the formation of adducts between the Lewis acid borane and the oxygen atom in the Lewis bases, tetrahydrofuran (THF): BH 3 ·O(CH 2) 4 or diethyl ether: BH 3 ·O(CH 3 CH 2) 2. Many Lewis acids and Lewis bases reacting in the gas phase or in non-aqueous solvents to form adducts have been examined in the ECW model. [3]
DNA adduct. In molecular genetics, a DNA adduct is a segment of DNA bound to a cancer-causing chemical. This process could lead to the development of cancerous cells, or carcinogenesis. DNA adducts in scientific experiments are used as biomarkers of exposure. They are especially useful in quantifying an organism's exposure to a carcinogen. [1]
Adductome. At its simplest, the adductome is the totality of chemical adducts that are present in particular cellular macromolecules such as DNA, and RNA, or proteins found within the organism. [1] These adducts can detrimentally alter the chemical properties of these macromolecules and are therefore also referred to as damage.
Crosslinking of DNA. In genetics, crosslinking of DNA occurs when various exogenous or endogenous agents react with two nucleotides of DNA, forming a covalent linkage between them. This crosslink can occur within the same strand (intrastrand) or between opposite strands of double-stranded DNA (interstrand). These adducts interfere with cellular ...
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a particularly important excision mechanism that removes DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light (UV). UV DNA damage results in bulky DNA adducts — these adducts are mostly thymine dimers and 6,4-photoproducts. Recognition of the damage leads to removal of a short single-stranded DNA segment that contains ...
The Baylis–Hillman adducts and their derivatives have been extensively utilized for the generation of heterocycles and other cyclic frameworks. [40] MBH reactions are widely used in organic synthesis. For example, this reaction was used to construct key cyclic intermediates for syntheses of salinosporamide A, diversonol, and anatoxin-a. [41 ...
Many adducts violate the octet rule, such as the triiodide anion: I 2 + I − → I − 3. The variability of the colors of iodine solutions reflects the variable abilities of the solvent to form adducts with the Lewis acid I 2. Some Lewis acids bind with two Lewis bases, a famous example being the formation of hexafluorosilicate: SiF 4 + 2 F ...
Mutagenesis. Mutagenesis (/ mjuːtəˈdʒɛnɪsɪs /) is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed by the production of a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using laboratory procedures.