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Stratified sampling. In statistics, stratified sampling is a method of sampling from a population which can be partitioned into subpopulations. Stratified sampling example. In statistical surveys, when subpopulations within an overall population vary, it could be advantageous to sample each subpopulation (stratum) independently.
Graphic breakdown of stratified random sampling. In statistics, stratified randomization is a method of sampling which first stratifies the whole study population into subgroups with same attributes or characteristics, known as strata, then followed by simple random sampling from the stratified groups, where each element within the same subgroup are selected unbiasedly during any stage of the ...
Jackknife resampling. In statistics, the jackknife (jackknife cross-validation) is a cross-validation technique and, therefore, a form of resampling. It is especially useful for bias and variance estimation. The jackknife pre-dates other common resampling methods such as the bootstrap. Given a sample of size , a jackknife estimator can be built ...
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics. In statistics, the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test (CMH) is a test used in the analysis of stratified or matched categorical data. It allows an investigator to test the association between a binary predictor or treatment and a binary outcome such as case or control status while taking into account the ...
Bootstrapping (statistics) Bootstrapping is a procedure for estimating the distribution of an estimator by resampling (often with replacement) one's data or a model estimated from the data. [1] Bootstrapping assigns measures of accuracy (bias, variance, confidence intervals, prediction error, etc.) to sample estimates. [2][3] This technique ...
In mathematics, more specifically in the theory of Monte Carlo methods, variance reduction is a procedure used to increase the precision of the estimates obtained for a given simulation or computational effort. [1] Every output random variable from the simulation is associated with a variance which limits the precision of the simulation results ...
e. Multilevel regression with poststratification (MRP) is a statistical technique used for correcting model estimates for known differences between a sample population (the population of the data one has), and a target population (a population one wishes to estimate for). The poststratification refers to the process of adjusting the estimates ...
The basic idea of importance sampling is to sample the states from a different distribution to lower the variance of the estimation of E [X;P], or when sampling from P is difficult. This is accomplished by first choosing a random variable such that E [L; P] = 1 and that P - almost everywhere . With the variable L we define a probability that ...