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A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. The process that forms volcanoes is called volcanism. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and because most of Earth ...
Volcanism. Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. [1] It is caused by the presence of a heat source, usually internally generated, inside the body; the heat is generated by ...
Types of volcanic eruptions. Some of the eruptive structures formed during volcanic activity (counterclockwise): a Plinian eruption column, Hawaiian pahoehoe flows, and a lava arc from a Strombolian eruption. Several types of volcanic eruptions —during which material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure —have been distinguished by ...
v. t. e. A volcano tectonic earthquake or volcano earthquake is caused by the movement of magma beneath the surface of the Earth. [1] The movement results in pressure changes where the rock around the magma has a change in stress. At some point, this stress can cause the rock to break or move. This seismic activity is used by scientists to ...
2020–2022 Taal Volcano eruptions: 38 Dieng Volcanic Complex: 2 Indonesia: 1786 [30] 32 Mount Nyiragongo: 1 Democratic Republic of the Congo: 2021 2021 Mount Nyiragongo eruption: 32 Kelud: 4 Indonesia: 1990 [40] 31 Bayonnaise Rocks: 2 Japan: 1952 [41] 31 Nabro Volcano: 4 Eritrea: 2011 2011 Nabro eruption: 30 Rinjani: 3 Indonesia: 1994 [42] 27 ...
Lahars have several possible causes: [9] Snow and glaciers can be melted by lava or pyroclastic surges during an eruption. Lava can erupt from open vents and mix with wet soil, mud or snow on the slope of the volcano making a very viscous, high energy lahar. The higher up the slope of the volcano, the more gravitational potential energy the ...
VEI. 5. Impact. Buried the Roman settlements of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis, and Stabiae. Deaths. 1,500–3,500, possibly up to 16,000 [1][note 1] Of the many eruptions of Mount Vesuvius, a major stratovolcano in Southern Italy, the best-known is its eruption in 79 AD, [2][3] which was one of the deadliest in history.
The Toba eruption (sometimes called the Toba supereruption or the Youngest Toba eruption) was a supervolcanic eruption that occurred about 74,000 years ago during the Late Pleistocene [2] at the site of present-day Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia. It was the last in a series of at least four caldera -forming eruptions at this location, with the ...