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X-inefficiency is a concept used in economics to describe instances where firms go through internal inefficiency resulting in higher production costs than required for a given output. This inefficiency is a result of various factors such as outdated technology, inefficient production processes, poor management and lack of competition resulting ...
Harvey Leibenstein (1922 – February 28, 1994) was a Ukrainian -born American economist. One of his most important contributions to economics was the concept of X-inefficiency and the critical minimum effort thesis in development economics. Concerning his critical minimum effort thesis, he claimed that the underdeveloped countries are trapped ...
The X-ray tube is a type of cathode-ray tube that generates X-rays when high voltage electrons hit the anode. [ 88 ] [ 89 ] Gyrotrons or vacuum masers, used to generate high-power millimeter band waves, are magnetic vacuum tubes in which a small relativistic effect, due to the high voltage, is used for bunching the electrons.
2025–26 →. All statistics correct as of 22 September 2024. The 2024–25 Liga 2 (also known as the 2024–25 Pegadaian Liga 2 for sponsorship reasons) will be the eighth season of the Liga 2 under its current name and the 15th season under its current league structure. The summer transfer window opened on Wednesday 12 June 2024 and will ...
Economic efficiency. In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts: [1] Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another. Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of ...
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List of datasets in computer vision and image processing. Outline of machine learning. v. t. e. These datasets are used in machine learning (ML) research and have been cited in peer-reviewed academic journals. Datasets are an integral part of the field of machine learning. Major advances in this field can result from advances in learning ...
Pareto efficiency is mathematically represented when there is no other strategy profile s' such that ui (s') ≥ ui (s) for every player i and uj (s') > uj (s) for some player j. In this equation s represents the strategy profile, u represents the utility or benefit, and j represents the player. [6]