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Paraná and Etendeka traps, Brazil, Namibia and Angola form 128 to 138 million years ago. 132 million years ago, a possible supervolcanic eruption occurred, ejecting 8,600 cubic kilometers (2,063 cu mi). [90] Formation of the Karoo-Ferrar flood basalts begins 183 million years ago.
Limestone pavement – Natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone. Mesa – Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides, usually much wider than buttes. Mushroom rock – Naturally occurring rock whose shape resembles a mushroom. Natural arch – Arch-shaped natural rock formation.
Volcanism of Canada. Mount Edziza, a stratovolcano in northwestern British Columbia. A topographic map of Canada, showing elevations shaded from green (lower) to brown (higher) Volcanic activity is a major part of the geology of Canada and is characterized by many types of volcanic landform, including lava flows, volcanic plateaus, lava domes ...
The Canadian Shield (French: Bouclier canadien [buklje kanadjɛ̃]), also called the Laurentian Shield or the Laurentian Plateau, is a geologic shield, a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the ancient geologic core of the North American continent.
The Giant's Causeway (Irish: Clochán an Aifir) [1] is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, the result of an ancient volcanic fissure eruption. [3][4] It is located in County Antrim on the north coast of Northern Ireland, about three miles (4.8 km) northeast of the town of Bushmills. It was declared a World Heritage Site by ...
A spatter cone is a low, steep-sided hill or mound that consists of welded lava fragments, called spatter, which has formed around a lava fountain issuing from a central vent. Typically, spatter cones are about 3–5 meters (9.8–16.4 ft) high. In case of a linear fissure, lava fountaining will create broad embankments of spatter, called ...
Volcanism. Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. [1] It is caused by the presence of a heat source, usually internally generated, inside the body; the heat is generated by ...
Volcanic arc formation along a subducting plate. A volcanic arc (also known as a magmatic arc[1]: 6.2 ) is a belt of volcanoes formed above a subducting oceanic tectonic plate, [2] with the belt arranged in an arc shape as seen from above. Volcanic arcs typically parallel an oceanic trench, with the arc located further from the subducting plate ...