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Sodium polysulfide is a general term for salts with the formula Na 2 S x, where x = 2 to 5. The species S x 2−, called polysulfide anions, include disulfide (S 2 2−), trisulfide (S 3 2−), tetrasulfide (S 4 2−), and pentasulfide (S 5 2−). In principle, but not in practice, the chain lengths could be longer.
The compound (C 5 H 5) 2 TiS 5 is an example of a polysulfide complex. Polysulfides are a class of chemical compounds derived from anionic chains of sulfur atoms. [1] There are two main classes of polysulfides: inorganic and organic. The inorganic polysulfides have the general formula S 2− n. These anions are the conjugate bases of ...
Sodium sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula Na 2 S, or more commonly its hydrate Na 2 S·9H 2 O.Both the anhydrous and the hydrated salts in pure crystalline form are colorless solids, although technical grades of sodium sulfide are generally yellow to brick red owing to the presence of polysulfides and commonly supplied as a crystalline mass, in flake form, or as a fused solid.
Reduction of sulfur gives various polysulfides with the formula S x 2-, many of which have been obtained crystalline form. Illustrative is the production of sodium tetrasulfide: 4 Na + S 8 → 2 Na 2 S 4. Some of these dianions dissociate to give radical anions, such as S 3 − gives the blue color of the rock lapis lazuli.
In 1838, Swiss chemists reported the preparation of hydrophobic rubbery materials by the alkylation of sodium polysulfide with 1,2-dichloroethane. [2] In 1926 chemists Joseph C. Patrick and Nathan Mnookin further developed this class of materials, which first achieved commercial success as sealants for fuel lines, exploiting the solvent resistance of these materials.
Potassium pentasulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula ... polysulfide salts with the general formula ... polysulfide salts of potassium and sodium are ...
The alkylation of alkali metal di- and polysulfides gives disulfides. "Thiokol" polymers arise when sodium polysulfide is treated with an alkyl dihalide. In the converse reaction, carbanionic reagents react with elemental sulfur to afford mixtures of the thioether, disulfide, and higher polysulfides.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 (CH 2) 11 OSO 3 Na and structure H 3 C−(CH 2) 11 −O−S(=O) 2 −O − Na +. It is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products. This compound is the sodium salt of the 12 ...