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In banking and finance, clearing refers to all activities from the time a commitment is made for a transaction until it is settled. This process turns the promise of payment (for example, in the form of a cheque or electronic payment request) into the actual movement of money from one account to another.
An automated clearing house (ACH) is a computer-based electronic network for processing transactions, [1] usually domestic low value payments, between participating financial institutions. It may support both credit transfers and direct debits .
Cheque clearing (or check clearing in American English) or bank clearance is the process of moving cash (or its equivalent) from the bank on which a cheque is drawn to the bank in which it was deposited, usually accompanied by the movement of the cheque to the paying bank, either in the traditional physical paper form or digitally under a cheque truncation system.
In the United States, the ACH Network is the national automated clearing house (ACH) for electronic funds transfers established in the 1960s and 1970s. It processes financial transactions for consumers, businesses, and federal, state, and local governments.
ABA RTNs are only for use in payment transactions within the United States. They are used on paper check, wire transfers, and ACH transactions. On a paper check, the ABA RTN is usually the middle set of nine numbers printed at the bottom of the check. Domestic transfers that use the ABA RTN will usually be returned to the paying bank.
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) is an umbrella term that refers to a number of different transfer methods: [2] Automated Clearing House (ACH) payments processed through the ACH network and not through traditional card networks. Not all EFT payments are processed through the ACH network, but all ACH payments are EFTs
The Fedwire system has grown since its inception, seeing growth in both number of transfers and total transaction dollar value of about 79% and 207% respectively between 1996 and 2016. In 2022, Fedwire processed roughly 196 million transfers with a total value of just over one quadrillion US dollars.
An on-us check is a negotiable item which is drawn on the same bank that it is presented to for payment. [1] [2]For example, a check drawn on Bank of America, presented for deposit at another branch of Bank of America, would be considered an on-us check.