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  2. History of molecular theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_theory

    In 1680, using the corpuscular theory as a basis, French chemist Nicolas Lemery stipulated that the acidity of any substance consisted in its pointed particles, while alkalis were endowed with pores of various sizes. [7] A molecule, according to this view, consisted of corpuscles united through a geometric locking of points and pores.

  3. File:Molecules and the molecular theory of matter (IA ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Molecules_and_the...

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  4. Robert S. Mulliken - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken

    Robert Sanderson Mulliken ForMemRS [1] (June 7, 1896 – October 31, 1986) was an American physical chemist, primarily responsible for the early development of molecular orbital theory, i.e. the elaboration of the molecular orbital method of computing the structure of molecules.

  5. Assembly theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_theory

    The theory was extended to map chemical space with molecular assembly trees, demonstrating the application of this approach in drug discovery, [2] in particular in research of new opiate-like molecules by connecting the "assembly pool elements through the same pattern in which they were disconnected from their parent compound(s)".

  6. Amedeo Avogadro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedeo_Avogadro

    Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto [1] (/ ˌ æ v ə ˈ ɡ ɑː d r oʊ /, [2] also US: / ˌ ɑː v-/, [3] [4] [5] Italian: [ameˈdɛːo avoˈɡaːdro]; 9 August 1776 – 9 July 1856) was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contribution to molecular theory now known as Avogadro's law, which states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of ...

  7. Atomic, molecular, and optical physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic,_molecular,_and...

    Atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter–matter and light–matter interactions, at the scale of one or a few atoms [1] and energy scales around several electron volts. [2]: 1356 [3] The three areas are closely interrelated. AMO theory includes classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments.

  8. Valence bond theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_bond_theory

    The impact of valence theory declined during the 1960s and 1970s as molecular orbital theory grew in usefulness as it was implemented in large digital computer programs. Since the 1980s, the more difficult problems, of implementing valence bond theory into computer programs, have been solved largely, and valence bond theory has seen a ...

  9. Frontier molecular orbital theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontier_molecular_orbital...

    A cycloaddition is a reaction that simultaneously forms at least two new bonds, and in doing so, converts two or more open-chain molecules into rings. [3] The transition states for these reactions typically involve the electrons of the molecules moving in continuous rings, making it a pericyclic reaction.