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NP-40 (also known as Tergitol-type NP-40 and nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol [1]) is a commercially available detergent with CAS Registry Number 9016-45-9. NP-40 is an ethoxylated nonylphenol for non-ionic surfactants and can act as emulsifier and demulsifier agent.
IGEPAL CA-630 has HLB of 13.4, similar to that of Triton X-100 (13.4) and thus belongs to the detergent range (HLB 13-15); this is significantly less than 17.8 of tergitol NP-40 or 16.7 of Polysorbate 20 (also known as Tween 20), which both belong in the solubilizer range (15-18) of HLB. [2] Ca-630 is completely miscible with water.
Nonylphenols are a family of closely related organic compounds composed of phenol bearing a 9 carbon-tail. Nonylphenols can come in numerous structures, all of which may be considered alkylphenols . They are used in manufacturing antioxidants , lubricating oil additives, laundry and dish detergents , emulsifiers , and solubilizers . [ 2 ]
HLB scale showing classification of surfactant function. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) of a surfactant is a measure of its degree of hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, determined by calculating percentages of molecular weights for the hydrophilic and lipophilic portions of the surfactant molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 [1] [2] and 1954. [3]
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So even though there may be a formula that's 60% oil and 40% water, if the emulsifier chosen is more soluble in water, it will create an oil-in-water system. There are some exceptions to Bancroft's rule, [ 5 ] but it's a very useful rule of thumb for most systems.
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