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The Amazon rainforest, [a] also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km 2 (2,700,000 sq mi), [ 2 ] of which 6,000,000 km 2 (2,300,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest . [ 3 ]
The Amazon biome has an area of 6,700,000 square kilometres (2,600,000 sq mi). [2] [a] The biome roughly corresponds to the Amazon basin, but excludes areas of the Andes to the west and cerrado (savannah) to the south, and includes lands to the northeast extending to the Atlantic ocean with similar vegetation to the Amazon basin. [2]
The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about 7,000,000 km 2 (2,700,000 sq mi), [1] or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent.
Aerial view of the Amazon Rainforest, near Manaus. The largest city in northern Brazil, Manaus occupies an area of 11,401 square kilometres (4,402 sq mi), with a density of 158.06 inhabitants per square kilometre (409.4/sq mi). It is the neighboring city of Presidente Figueiredo, Careiro, Iranduba, Rio Preto da Eva, Itacoatiara, and Novo Airão.
Brazil once had the highest deforestation rate in the world and in 2005 still had the largest area of forest removed annually. [1] Since 1970, over 700,000 square kilometres (270,000 sq mi) of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed.
Deforestation in the Maranhão state, Brazil, in July 2016. The Amazon rainforest, spanning an area of 3,000,000 km 2 (1,200,000 sq mi), is the world's largest rainforest.It encompasses the largest and most biodiverse tropical rainforest on the planet, representing over half of all rainforests.
The Mato Grosso tropical dry forests ecoregion is a transitional zone between the moist forests of the Amazon basin to the north and the Cerrado of the Brazilian Highlands to the south. The annual floods and periodic fires in the dry season form a complex mosaic of forest, grasslands and transitional vegetation. [ 5 ]
Amazonía region in southern Colombia comprises the departments of Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Guaviare, Putumayo and Vaupés, and covers an area of 483,000 km 2, 35% of Colombia's total territory. The region is mostly covered by tropical rainforest, or jungle, which is a part of the greater Amazon rainforest.