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A baseball scoreboard. In baseball, softball, and similar games, an inning is the basic unit of play, consisting of two halves or frames, [1] the "top" (first half) and the "bottom" (second half). In each half, one team bats until three outs are made, with the other team playing defense. [2]
The playing period is a division of time in a sports or games, in which play occurs. [1] Many games are divided into a fixed number of periods, which may be named for the number of divisions (e.g., a half or a quarter).
Many of the modern rules of baseball originated with the so-called "New York game" played by amateur urban clubs of the 1840s and 1850s. These rules were first published in 1848 by Alexander Cartwright , often credited as "the father of baseball", though they were actually written by William R. Wheaton and William H. Tucker , of the New York ...
In baseball, the pitch is the act of throwing the baseball toward home plate to start a play. The term comes from the Knickerbocker Rules. Originally, the ball had to be thrown underhand, much like "pitching in horseshoes". Overhand pitching was not allowed in baseball until 1884. The biomechanics of pitching have been studied extensively.
Starting with the Knickerbocker Rules in 1845, and the National League Rules in 1877, the rules of baseball have evolved over time. The 2014 edition of the rulebook fills about 250 pages. [6] After the 2014 season, the Playing Rules Committee reorganized and recodified the rules.
Men's college basketball plays two 20 minute halves. Women's play four 10-minute quarters. Explaining the difference:
In high school basketball, many states have a "continuous clock" rule, similar to American football, which takes effect in the second half after a lead grows to a prescribed point (in Iowa, 35 points or more; in Kansas, 30 points or more but only in the fourth quarter; in Louisiana, the rule is invoked at any time during the game when one team ...
The first use of the term "Division Series" dates from 1981, when due to a mid-season players' strike, that season was divided into two halves, with the winners of each half from each division (West and East at the time) playing one another in a best-of-five series to decide which team would represent that division in the League Championship Series (this format being common in minor-league ...