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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, [1] a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This virus causes the disease hepatitis B .
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; [1] [6] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [7] It can cause both acute and chronic infection . [ 1 ]
HDV is similar to a satellite virus as it can only propagate in the presence of the hepatitis B virus, depending on the helper function of HBV for its replication and expression. It has no independent life cycle, but can survive and replicate as long as HBV infection persists in the host body.
Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B to replicate and is only found with hepatitis B co-infection. [17] In adults, hepatitis B infection is most commonly self-limiting, with less than 5% progressing to chronic state, and 20 to 30% of those chronically infected developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. [30]
Hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B immunoglobulin, and the combination of hepatitis B vaccine plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin, all are considered as preventive for babies born to mothers infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). [29] The combination is superior for protecting these infants. [29]
Endogenous hepatitis B virus genomes have been described in crocodilian, snake and turtle genomes. [8] This suggests that these viruses have infected vertebrates for over citation needed] Hepadnaviruses have been described in fish and amphibians also. [9] This suggests that this family has co-evolved with the vertebrates.
Until 2000, there were more than 5.2 million cases of acute hepatitis B infection, and chronically infects approximately 5% of the human population. [2] HBV is the most common one among those hepatitis viruses.
Hepatitis B is endemic in China. [1] Of the 350 million individuals worldwide infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), one-third reside in China. [2] As of 2006 China has immunized 11.1 million children in its poorest provinces as part of several programs initiated by the Chinese government and as part of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI).
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